Since June 2013, an energy certificate has been mandatory in Spain for selling or renting real estate. This document evaluates energy consumption and CO2 emissions, classifying buildings according to their energy efficiency. The rating must appear in advertisements and be attached to contracts. Obtaining the certificate is the responsibility of the owner.
Validity of the certificate
The energy certificate has a standard validity of 10 years, except for buildings with a G rating (the lowest), whose validity is reduced to 5 years. This encourages the improvement of buildings with low energy performance.
Factors that may affect its validity
Even if it has an official duration, it may become obsolete sooner if:
- The thermal envelope or windows are modified.
- Air conditioning or heating systems are refurbished.
- Changes are made to lighting (in buildings for tertiary use).
- Changes the use of the property, affecting its energy efficiency.
Penalties for noncompliance
The regulation establishes fines depending on the severity:
- Minor infractions (300-600 €):
- Posting an ad without the energy rating.
- Failure to renew the certificate after its expiration.
- Failure to comply with the technical requirements of the document.
- Serious infractions (601-1,000 €):
- Failure to register the certificate with the corresponding agency.
- Selling or renting without delivering the certificate to the new owner or tenant.
- Display an energy label other than the official one.
- Very serious infractions (1,001-6,000 €):
- Falsifying the certificate to alter the qualification.
- Acting as a certifying technician without the necessary permits.
- Providing false data in the certificate registration.
Renewal of the energy certificate
The certificate may be renewed prior to expiration in the following cases:
- If renovations are made that alter energy efficiency.
- If the use of the property changes, affecting its qualification.
- If the owner decides to update the information voluntarily.
To renew it, it is necessary to hire a qualified technician to perform a new evaluation, including on-site inspections and a detailed analysis.
Renewal cost
The price depends on the size, location and complexity of the property, but is usually around €1.50 per m². For example, a 100 m² property can cost around €150, plus administrative fees, which vary according to the autonomous community.
Benefits of keeping the certificate up to date
- Economic savings: Identifies improvements that reduce energy consumption and costs.
- Increase in the value of the property: Improves its attractiveness and competitiveness in the market.
- Additional comfort: Recommendations such as improved insulation optimize temperature and reduce noise.
- Positive environmental impact: Contributes to sustainability by reducing CO2 emissions.
Complying with regulations not only avoids penalties, but also improves sustainability, comfort and property value, benefiting both owners and tenants or buyers.